Applying primer normally results in a layer of what is essentially plastic to paint on to. So painting actual plastic, at least, the sort found in models, primer is not really needed if the surface is clean, dry and lightly abraded. But it usually needs that treatment for the primer to stick.
However, an undercoat is usually a good idea to give an extra solid layer to prevent unwanted light shining through when the model is backlit. That, and painting the insides of the hull a light colour so that you can find the small parts you will drop inside at some later time. Sticking things to a painted surface usually involves removing some paint, else the parts are not stuck to the boat, just to the paint.