just a quick look at the real basics of batteriesThe basic building block of your power source is a cellback in the formative years of Faraday and Leclanche experimenters discovered that if you dunk two different metals into a bowl of acid, an electrical energy source appears, you can do this too if you cut twoslots in a lemon, and then stick a 10 pence coin in one and a two pence coin in the other you will find that you have built an accumulator, not at all powerful, but nonetheless an electrical generatorthis basic unit is known as a celland it is only when several cells are joined together that you get a batteryIf you go back to your lemon powered radio, the lemon’s acid will change as the electricity is used up, and the power output will dropHere, we see the effect of the capacity of the cell. No matter what chemicals are present in a battery or cell, you will see it’s capacitythis is known to enginerers as the Ampere / Hour ratingIf you look at the cells I use, they are one point two volts at 300 milliamp/ hours, now if several of those cells are connected together in a battery, the voltage risesas each cell is added, so if I have ten of those cells in a battery, it would be tw1lve volts at the same capacity as the individual cells or 300 milliamp hours. I will spare a moment or two to go into the characteristics of different types of cells. The most common is the lead / acid cellwhich has two kinds of lead in a bath of sulphuric acid, this is most common ehere an application draws lots of amps for a long timeas the cell discharges, the specific gravity of the acid can be read with an hydrometeras the cell discharges, the battery strength goes downin a steady declineand the internal resistance of the cell goes down. The cells I use are Nickel metal Hydride and they have a totally different characteristic as the electrolytewill hold up well under loadthe cell voltage stays high for much more of the cycleand drops suddenly at the end. modellers who use ni-cads or NiMh batteries will have the same characteristics, the battery produces good results for a long time, and then stops quite suddenly. There are other sorts of cells available which have totally different characteristicsthey are the ordinary torch batteries on shop counters most of those are zinc carbonwhich is a zinc pot full of sal-volatele with a carbon rod stuck down the middle. better than those as Duracell will never stop telling you are the so calledalkeline cells higher power and longer lasting with a slight advantage of being leakproof. UNLESS they say different, none of the over the counter batterys or cells are r NOT Re-chargeable, and therefore give an inferior value for money, but they do give one point five volts per cell, so you will not need so many to achieve your required voltage, so, you pays your money and takes you choice. All the time, it MUST be noted that virtually all cells contain TOXIC materials like lead / cadmium and must be disposed of responsibly. Don’t whatever you do, chuck used cells on a fire
finally, back to the good old lead acid cell, as I said before, these are two kinds of lead in a sulphuric acid bathremember that this is acid and it will eat your boat for dinner,and if it finds metal like a prop shaft of a very expensive motorcase, it will eat it. Only glass fibre resin is able to resist the acidand stay keeping the water out. There is one plus to lead acid, and that is that they give you two volts per celland surprise, I went round the tourist bit at Chatham dockyard and there they have a decommissioned submarine Ocelot which was an educationher battery was 340 volts, and that’s what they put across the motor, it is theonly way the power can be developed to drive a ship of that size, so there is no substitute for power. The submarines used Diesel electric power when they were on the surface meaning that they ran the diesel to drive a generator which charged the batteries and drove the propellor motor, so, everything on the whole boat was driven by electricity, a bit like your model really, and mine